蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进展北大核心

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1(protein arginine methyltransferase 1,PRMT1)是主要的Ⅰ型精氨酸甲基转移酶,催化一甲基化和不对称二甲基化,其底物被甲基化后参与细胞生物学过程。研究表明,PRMT1在多种恶性肿瘤中异常表达,促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移,调控人类多种肿瘤发生发展过程,揭示PRMT1可能成为肿瘤治疗中潜在的生物标志物或靶点。本文对PRMT1的结构、底物、生物学功能、及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用进行总结,旨在为今后研究PRMT1相关肿瘤提供参考。     

Giant-cell-rich tumors of bone

Neoplasms of bone with numerous non-neoplastic osteoclast type giant cells are relatively common and exhibit diverse phenotypes of the neoplastic cells. These tumors have a broad spectrum of biological potential which necessitates accurate recognition and diagnosis. Their clinicopathological features are overlapping, therefore, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies may be required for evaluation. Correlation with imaging studies provides additional information that should be incorporated into the pathological interpretation.     

Cancer Stem Cells and Circulatory Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.     

欧前胡素抗肿瘤作用机制及治疗的研究进展

欧前胡素是从中药当归中提取的呋喃香豆素类化合物,临床上常用于治疗头痛、炎症、心血管疾病等。近年来研究发现,欧前胡素对多种类型的肿瘤细胞增殖均有抑制作用,能发挥抗肿瘤的功效。本文就欧前胡素对肿瘤及相关疾病的治疗作用和机制进行探讨,以期从不同的角度为肿瘤治疗提供新思路、新方法,并对欧前胡素的进一步研究和开发利用提供理论基础。     

Paleopathological study of a podal osteochondroma from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Sicily)

In this article, we report a case of isolated podal osteochondroma from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily). Although the phalanx exhibiting the benign tumoral mass comes from a context featuring several commingled remains, the very good state of preservation of this bone allowed us to perform a comprehensive study of the neoplasm by applying a multidisciplinary approach encompassing archeology, morphology, stereomicroscopy, and radiology. The results from this very ancient specimen have been assessed in the light of the available paleopathological literature and clinical implications currently encountered in modern patients.     

胃肠超声造影的临床应用价值

目的对比胃肠超声造影的优缺点,探讨对胃十二指肠良恶性病变的诊断符合率,评估胃肠超声造影的临床应用价值。方法选取200例有胃肠道症状患者的胃肠超声造影检查结果,与胃镜检查结果对比分析。结果胃肠超声造影对胃肠道疾病的诊断符合率为94.34%,特异度为100%,敏感度为94.12%,与胃镜对比,在胃十二指肠良恶性病变的检出率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论口服胃肠超声造影剂对胃十二指肠结构性病变的诊断符合率高,且能有助于提高胰腺等腹膜后病变的检出率,有较好的诊断价值。应熟练掌握胃肠超声检查的适应证,规范扫查流程。